Friday, January 11, 2013

Hydropower Plant Assessment

A key element of the higher than given 3 section approach is that the assessment of a hydropower plant throughout the diagnosing section. it's a vital tool providing the idea for the event of potential modernization or upgrading situations in associate degree early coming up with section. within the following, four major activities with concentrate on the protection and life cycle aspects are going to be mentioned.
1. General examination and knowledge assortment

This activity forms the idea for the subsequent steps in an exceedingly hydropower plant assessment. On the one aspect, several knowledge is analysed in sort of a desktop review of obtainable info provided by the hydropower plant owner.


- Studies of the hydrological theme, drawings

- Inspections and maintenance reports

- Operation logs, commission and web site check reports

- Operation and maintenance manuals

It has to be unbroken in mind that knowledge from existing drawings or records don't seem to be forever reliable since changes operational conditions or style modifications might need been enforced within the past.

It is conjointly the task of a visit or examination on the opposite aspect to spot such deviations. The assessing engineers UN agency undertake this work ar generalists with a broad level of data covering all aspects of the plant. associate degree in-house developed examination matrix facilitates to outline the assessment scope before the examination which might help beside hydropower plant owner to seek out the foremost appropriate temporal order for the assessment. throughout the positioning visit

systematic check lists & questionnaires support within the communication throughout the shut dialogue with owner and therefore the important web site personnel. principally visual inspections and easy measurements ar undertaken during this section to attain an outline of the initial und current strength & performance of the units. associate degree examination report summarizes the results of this 1st examination section that is given to the ability plant owner UN agency will decide according the report‘s recommendations (e.g. any check and measurements, elaborated examination that need ar partially disassembly of the unit) regarding the any continuing.
2 elaborated Inspections and Material Tests

The outcome of the primary general examination as represented in vi.1 may explain to perform a a lot of elaborated analysis sure components or systems. this may embody an extra assortment of geometric or operational knowledge. Verifications of actual dimensions, clearances, wears and checks of temperatures and flow rates, e.g. within the cooling system, ar standing within the foreground. conjointly non-destructive testing (i.e. hardness check, surface roughness, magnetic particle check, dye penetrate check, unhearable test) ar common tools employed in this assessment step to visualize material properties and damages. In most of the cases partially disassembly of the unit is needed to induce access to the objects of interest.
3. Measurements

In reference to the protection and life cycle aspects the most measurements for the mechanical half ar already mentioned. The mechanical integrity check is extended by hydraulic measurements (relative and absolute potency test) which is able to show the particular performance of the unit and delivers vital input parameters (flow rate, element losses) for the new hydraulic style. Transient tests (pressure fluctuation tests) ar relevant just in case of planned changes in operative conditions or general changes within the mechanism (increased flow, installation of further units).

In case of inaccessible dimensions or pure mathematics of key components which is able to be unbroken for the planned modernization or upgrading state of affairs associate degree instrumented web site mensuration of the image dimensions is performed. The ensuing pure mathematics models ar wont to perform hydraulic (CFD) similarly as mechanical calculations (FEM) that ar represented within the following chapter.

Monday, September 12, 2011

The work for men not likes the work for women, why?

The work for men not likes the work for women, why?
In my country, Algeria, in the university women number are more than men, and in the work market, I think they are more too.
Is that good indicator for our development, I think absolutely not?
There are big differences between, men and women, yes women has her mind, she can be like a men in the work and sometimes better in some kind of work. But we have to remember the difference between men and women in their body and mind, that make women suffer more when she work, her body is weaker than the men's, her mind is feminine, she is more romantic and kind than men, and more than that the most of women has to get pregnant and giving birth, all of this make a women has to choose between stay feminine or working and being as men in the most cases.
The results of women working are below:
1-less opportunities and jobs for men
2-less care and love for kids and that will give problems in their personality when they grow up
3-women suffering more without any benefit for the society
4-interaction and attraction between men and women in the work place that mean more cheating and more divorce
5-working for women mean women has to leave her home alone and because she is weaker, she may get raped or stolen.
Of course some women have to work, because she didn't have a man to work in her place. Beside we need women in some works for example: as a kid’s teacher, as a women’s teacher, as a women’s doctor (for me I prefer to take my wife to a women doctor)
I think the role of women is in the same importance as the role of men when she make from a house a beautiful home, when she take care of her husband and kids, when she nurture the real men and real women for the best future, this is why Allah make women and men.

N.Tayeb


P.S
Please I need a review , you can find my video in this link, please tell me if you can understand my pronunciation



Thank you very much

Saturday, August 27, 2011

pipeline construction project




1-pre planning
Is the pipeline project is economically feasible and practical?
2-variant selection
You need a highway map and a topographical, Geological survey.
Acquisition of the right-of-way
3-data collection
4-how it is the soil type
Where is groundwater or hard rock?
5-pipeline design
Load considerations
Static earth load on buried pipe
Effect of temperature change
Effects of pipe bending
Seismic design of pipelines
6-legal permits
7-right-of-way preparation
Clearing path usually 10 m width
8-stringing
Pose Pipes in a line
9-ditching and trenching
10-river and road crossing
What is the best method?
11-bending, welding, coating and wrapping
The welded joints are radio graphically inspected
The pipeline is coated and wrapped
For pipelines laid underwater, the pipe must be covered with a thick layer of concrete
12-pipe lying
Bedding materials to support the pipes
13-backfill and restoration of land
14-hydrostatic tests procedures

Wednesday, August 10, 2011

Public works projects




 Public works projects   or civil engineers projects
There are lots of different types of projects in public works, good engineer should concentrate in one or two of them, but he will needs a general knowledge about the others as well
 Types of projects in public works
The table below shows us an example of variety in Public works projects:

Infrastructure
Building
Public Construction
Highways
Schools
Bridges
Roads
Hospital
Dam
Airport
Residential
Tunnels
pipelines
Stadium
 Seaport
railways
 framework



What a public works engineer should know? Or what do civil engineers do
There is variety of engineer experience types, but all of them should have the ability to solve technical problems, the table below:
structural engineering
analysis and design of structures that support or resist loads
hydraulic engineering
concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids
geotechnical engineering
engineering behavior of earth materials
transportation engineering
operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for the safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods (transport

Position for a public works engineer (civil engineers)


PLAN
 Work with the community
 Identify needs and opportunities
 Develop levels of service
 Plan and strategies using engineering and economic principles

DESIGN
Develop and determine detail of projects
Undertake engineering computation
Analyse
Apply design concepts
Prepare specifications and estimates

CONSTRUCT
Organize and supervise construction of community infrastructure
 Work with people
 Manage contracts
 Manage the whole project

OPERATE
Coordinate and manage the day to day and long term
 Maintain local community infrastructure
MANAGE
Aspire and achieve the highest levels of corporate management
 Manage people
 Program and control finances
 Manage community relations

Saturday, August 6, 2011

Learn languages and make friends with Livemocha


 I want to describe livemocha.com

my friend sent to me an Email and one I opened it I found a link to livemocha and this is my first time I use it.
Livemocha is a little bit like Facebook were you can make lots of friends from the entire world, but I think the most important thing in livemocha.com is that the most users use it for one reason and that reason is to learn languages and that make them correct your exercises and in turn you correct them.
How to use Livemocha   - Livemocha tips –

Website trick 1:  Sing up and fill your profile, upload nice photo of yours and write your interest.

Website trick 2:  Make a lot of friends that will make the chance to get your exercise corrected.

Website trick 3:  correct the exercise of others to earn Livemocha’s points

There are a lot of good features in this website you will discover it by application.
Websites similar to Livemocha : busuu.com
If you have question please leave a comment

N.Tayeb

Keywords:
Livemocha website trick
How to use Livemocha
Livemocha tips
Learn languages and make friends with Livemocha
Livemocha : Language exchange learning

Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Are we going to build time machine?


All we know that the 20th century was the gold era of human arising and discovery in every field, and the most people think that the 21th century will be more than the previous, and go on, but in my opinion there would be a time when that arising will stop, and I think right now in the slow down era, and that simply because it become very difficult to discover a basic and essential thing in any filed, all the invention of the latest years are secondarily, I mean there is no evolutionary discovery like before, for example radio, and I think that because of the power of humans brain it is near to the limit of capacity , and even if we supposed it possible I am not waiting the time machine to be built ,not today and not forever.